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On December 22, 2017, The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law. The information in this article predates the tax reform legislation and may not apply to tax returns starting in the 2018 tax year. You may wish to speak to your tax advisor about the latest tax law. This publication is provided for your convenience and does not constitute legal advice. This publication is protected by copyright.

Looking for Ways to Maximize Your Retirement Contributions?
Article Highlights:
  • Key Benefits 
  • Solo 401(k) Contributions 
  • Discretionary Funding 
  • Where Deducted 
  • Deadlines 
  • Roth Option 
If you are a sole proprietor with no full-time employees other than yourself and/or your spouse, and you are seeking to maximize your retirement plan contributions, a Solo 401(k) may be right for you. The key benefits of a Solo 401(k) plan allow you to:
  • Manage your own account directly without any brokers, banks, or trust companies as middlemen. 
  • Generally contribute larger amounts, approximately equal to the 401(k) and profit-sharing amounts combined. 
  • Legally avoid the unrelated business income tax (UBIT) that would apply to certain self-directed IRA transactions. 
  • Make Roth contributions to the 401(k) element (not the profit-sharing part) of the plan, regardless of the AGI limitations that apply to regular Roth contributions. 
  • Transfer existing retirement funds into the Solo 401(k). 
  • Direct your investments with absolutely no restrictions on investment choices (including real estate, private companies, foreign assets, precious metals, etc.). 
Solo 401(k) Contributions – The maximum annual contribution to a Solo 401(k) for 2016 is $53,000 but not exceeding 100% of compensation. The Solo 401(k) contribution consists of two parts: (1) a profit-sharing contribution of up to 20% of net self-employment income for unincorporated businesses or 25% of W-2 income for incorporated businesses and (2) a salary-deferral contribution (same as the 401(k)) of as much as 100% of the first $18,000 ($24,000 if age 50 or over) of the remaining compensation after the profit-sharing contribution, as a tax-deductible contribution.

Given sufficient income, a self-employed individual and spouse (assuming the spouse is employed in the same business) may contribute, for 2016, up to $106,000 combined. Because of the way the contribution is calculated, a larger contribution can usually be made into a Solo 401(k) than to a Keogh or SEP IRA at the same income level.

Discretionary Funding – The funding of the Solo 401(k) plan is completely discretionary and flexible every year. Funding can be increased, decreased, or skipped entirely, if necessary.

Where Deducted – If your business is organized as a Subchapter S or C corporation, or LLC electing to be taxed as a corporation, then you are an employee of the business, so the salary-deferral contribution reduces your personal W-2 earnings and the profit-sharing contribution is deducted as a business expense.

For a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or an LLC taxed as a sole proprietorship, the owner's salary-deferral and profit-sharing contributions are deductible only from personal income (i.e., on page 1 of Form 1040, as an adjustment to gross income), and not as an expense of the business.

Deadlines – The deadline for establishing a Solo 401(k) is December 31st for an individual or the fiscal year end for corporations. For unincorporated businesses, the deadline for making the contributions is the regular April income tax filing due date plus extensions. For incorporated businesses, the deadline is 15 days after the close of the fiscal year.

Roth Option – The 401(k) portion of the contribution can be designated as a non-deductible qualified Roth contribution, provided the plan document permits Roth contributions.

If you think a Solo 401(k) might be right for you, please call this office for further details and to determine if your particular circumstances permit you have and whether you will benefit from a Solo 401(k).



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'); mywindow.document.write(data); mywindow.document.write(' '); mywindow.document.close(); // necessary for IE >= 10 mywindow.focus(); // necessary for IE >= 10 mywindow.print(); mywindow.close(); return true; } function quote_standard() { var miscellaneous=0; var formName = document.ioq; $('#print').show(); /* START GLOBAL VARIABLES ***************************************************************************/ // Federal var form1040 = Math.round(120*1.3); var form1040A = Math.round(100*1.3); var form1040EZ = Math.round(60*1.3); var form1040X = Math.round(200*1.3); // State var form140AZ = Math.round(70*1.3); var form140AZPY = Math.round(90*1.3); var form140X = Math.round(90*1.3); var otherStateIncomeTax = Math.round(80*1.3); // Income var w2 = Math.round(10*1.5); var form1099R = Math.round(10*1.3); var k1 = Math.round(40*1.3); // Schedules var scheduleA = Math.round(110*1.3); var scheduleB = Math.round(20*1.3); var scheduleC = Math.round(120*1.3); var scheduleD = Math.round(40*1.3); var scheduleE = Math.round(200); var scheduleF = Math.round(100*1.3); var scheduleH = Math.round(100*1.3); var scheduleL = Math.round(20*1.3); var scheduleM = Math.round(20*1.3); // Forms var form982 = Math.round(80*1.3); var form2106 = Math.round(50*1.3); var form2441 = Math.round(40*1.3); var form4137 = Math.round(40*1.3); var form4562 = Math.round(30*1.3); var form4684 = Math.round(50*1.3); var form4797 = Math.round(140*1.3); var form5405 = Math.round(80*1.3); var form5695 = Math.round(80); var form6252 = Math.round(80*1.3); var form8283 = Math.round(40); var form8379 = Math.round(40*1.3); var form8396 = Math.round(30*1.3); var form8606 = Math.round(30*1.3); var form8824 = Math.round(150*1.3); var form8829 = Math.round(130); var form8863 = Math.round(50*1.3); // Income documents var incomeDocuments = Math.round(60); var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "Yes"; /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 2 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DoYouHaveAMortgage_0.checked == true) { var doYouHaveAMortgage = 230; var doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var doYouHaveAMortgage = 130; var doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer = "No" } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 3 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.W2_0.checked == true) { var w2 = parseInt(w2) * parseInt(formName.W2_0_yes.value); var w2Answer = "Yes"; } else { var w2 = 0; var w2Answer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 4 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.SelfEmployed_0.checked == true) { var selfEmployed = 170 * parseInt(formName.SelfEmployed_0_yes.value); var selfEmployedAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var selfEmployed = 0; var selfEmployedAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 5 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DidYouLiveOutsideOfArizona_0.checked == true) { var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona = parseInt(formName.DidYouLiveOutsideOfArizona_0_yes.value * 190); //didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona=Math.round(didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona*1.3); var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer = formName.DidYouLiveOutsideOfArizona_0_yes.value; } else { var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona = 100; didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona=Math.round(didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona*1.3); var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer = 1; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 6 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DidYouSellInvestments_0.checked == true) { // alert("Your fees could vary significantly depending upon the number and type of transactions. We can give you a firm quote when we meet. This quote is an estimate."); // Captures the quantity value of the drop down and multiplies it times the price. var didYouSellInvestments = (parseInt(formName.ScheduleD.value) * 5) + 50; if (parseInt(formName.ScheduleD.value) > 40) { didYouSellInvestments=didYouSellInvestments+((parseInt(scheduleD)-40)*3); } didYouSellInvestments=Math.round(didYouSellInvestments*1.3); var didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var didYouSellInvestments = 0; var didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 7 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DidYouOwnRentalProperty_0.checked == true) { // Captures the quantity value of the drop down and multiplies it times the price. var didYouOwnRentalProperty = parseInt(scheduleE) * parseInt(formName.ScheduleEOwn.value); var didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var didYouOwnRentalProperty = 0; var didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer = "No"; } if (formName.DidYouSellRentalProperty_0.checked == true) { // Captures the quantity value of the drop down and multiplies it times the price. var didYouSellRentalProperty = 250 * parseInt(formName.ScheduleESell.value); var didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var didYouSellRentalProperty = 0; var didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 9 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.ChildCare_0.checked == true) { var childCare = parseInt(form2441); var childCareAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var childCare = 0; var childCareAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 11 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.EnergyCredit_0.checked == true) { var energyCredit = parseInt(form5695) * parseInt(formName.EnergyCredit.value); var energyCreditAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var energyCredit = 0; var energyCreditAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 12 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DonateNonCash_0.checked == true) { var donateNonCash = parseInt(form8283); var donateNonCashAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var donateNonCash = 0; var donateNonCashAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 13 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0.checked == true) { var businessUseOfHome = parseInt(form8829) + ((parseInt(formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0_yes.value) * 80) - 80); var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var businessUseOfHome = 0; var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 14 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0.checked == true) { var businessUseOfHome = parseInt(form8829) * parseInt(formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0_yes.value); var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var businessUseOfHome = 0; var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 15 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.CollegeTuition_0.checked == true) { var collegeTuition = parseInt(form8863) * parseInt(formName.Tuition_0_yes.value); var collegeTuitionAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var collegeTuition = 0; var collegeTuitionAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 16 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.IncomeDocuments_0.checked == true) { var incomeDocuments = parseInt(incomeDocuments); var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var incomeDocuments = 0; var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "No"; } // Calculate the subtotal var subtotal = parseInt(doYouHaveAMortgage + w2 + selfEmployed + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona + didYouSellInvestments + didYouOwnRentalProperty + didYouSellRentalProperty + childCare + energyCredit + donateNonCash + businessUseOfHome + collegeTuition + incomeDocuments); // create answer text var doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer = "2. Mortgage? " + doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer + " $" + doYouHaveAMortgage; var w2Answer = "3. W-2, 1099-R, SSA-1099, K-1 forms? " + w2Answer + " $" + w2; var selfEmployedAnswer = "4. Self-Employed? " + selfEmployedAnswer + " $" + selfEmployed; var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer = "5. State Returns: " + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer + " $" + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona; var didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer = "6. Sold Investments? " + didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer + " $" + didYouSellInvestments; var didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer = "7a. Owned Rental Property? " + didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer + " $" + didYouOwnRentalProperty; var didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer = "7b. Sold Rental Property? " + didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer + " $" + didYouSellRentalProperty; var childCareAnswer = "8. Child Care? " + childCareAnswer + " $" + childCare; var energyCreditAnswer = "9. Energy Credit? " + energyCreditAnswer + " $" + energyCredit; var donateNonCashAnswer = "10. Donated more than $500? " + donateNonCashAnswer + " $" + donateNonCash; var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "11. Business-use-of-home? " + businessUseOfHomeAnswer + " $" + businessUseOfHome; var collegeTuitionAnswer = "12. College Tuition? " + collegeTuitionAnswer + " $" + collegeTuition; var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "13. Earned Income Credit " + incomeDocumentsAnswer + " $" + incomeDocuments; // Check if existing client box is checked if (formName.ExistingClient_0.checked == true) { var existingClientAnswer = "1. Existing client? Yes"; var discount = parseInt(subtotal * .10); } else { var existingClientAnswer = "1. Existing client? No"; var discount = parseInt(subtotal * .20); } // Dependent discount check if (formName.DependentDiscount_0.checked == true) { var dependentDiscount = parseInt(subtotal * .5); var dependentDiscountText = "
Dependent Discount: -$"+ dependentDiscount; } else { var dependentDiscount = 0; var dependentDiscountText = ""; } var breakdown = existingClientAnswer + "
" + doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer + "
" + w2Answer + "
" + selfEmployedAnswer + "
" + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer + "
" + didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer + "
" + didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer + "
" + didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer + "
" + childCareAnswer + "
" + energyCreditAnswer + "
" + donateNonCashAnswer + "
" + businessUseOfHomeAnswer + "
" + collegeTuitionAnswer + "
" + incomeDocumentsAnswer; var quote = breakdown + "
--------------------
Subtotal: $" + parseInt(subtotal) + "
Discount: -$" + parseInt(discount) + dependentDiscountText + "
--------------------
Total Only $" + parseInt(subtotal - discount - dependentDiscount + miscellaneous) + "! "; document.getElementById('quotearea').innerHTML=quote+'

If you have other transactions not mentioned above, your fees will be higher. This quote is an estimate. Please print this quote and bring it with you to your appointment. You must have a completed tax organizer to get the discount.'; return false; }