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On December 22, 2017, The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law. The information in this article predates the tax reform legislation and may not apply to tax returns starting in the 2018 tax year. You may wish to speak to your tax advisor about the latest tax law. This publication is provided for your convenience and does not constitute legal advice. This publication is protected by copyright.

Revising Your W-4? Seek Professional Advice.
Article Highlights:
  • Form W-4 is used to establish payroll-withholding amounts.
  • Incorrectly completed W-4s can result in under-withholding and unexpected year-end tax liability.
  • The IRS’s W-4 calculator is only suitable for simple returns.
  • Commonly encountered problems in getting the W-4 completed to establish the proper amount of withholding. 
This time of year, many employers will request updated W-4 forms from their employees (and the equivalent state form for those who live in a state with income tax). The W-4 form allows you to specify your filing status and the number of dependent exemptions to be used for determining the amount of income tax to be withheld from your payroll. Although the IRS provides an online W-4 calculator , it is generally suitable only for more simple returns, and may not be appropriate in all cases, since it does not take into account all income adjustments, credits, and deductions available. Be careful when completing the W-4 form, because errors can create some significant financial problems.

Let’s say that you are married and have two dependents. On your tax return, you claim four exemptions. The natural thing for you to do would be to claim “married” and four exemptions on the W-4. However, for W-4 purposes, the exemption for the taxpayer and spouse are automatically built into the married rates, and only two exemptions need to be claimed. The result, of course, is that the taxpayer ends up claiming more exemptions than he or she actually is entitled to, which can result in under-withholding, if the standard deduction is used.

It is common practice and acceptable for taxpayers to claim additional exemptions when they would otherwise have excessive withholding. Over-withholding may occur because the withholding tables do not account for large itemized deductions or other situations that might reduce the worker’s taxable income.

It’s also quite common for taxpayers to increase their exemptions to provide more take-home pay from their payroll checks. In doing so, they are essentially borrowing tax money from the government, which they will have to repay - along with possible penalties and interest - when they file their return the following year. That might seem like a good idea now, but it could lead to an unexpected tax liability at tax time. This is where a professional tax projection can more accurately establish appropriate withholding amounts.

Determining the appropriate number of exemptions to claim on the W-4 can be tricky if you have other substantial income on which no tax is withheld or when both spouses of a married couple are employed. The guidance of a tax professional may be beneficial in these and other cases, to help determine the W-4 withholding allowances and to analyze how the withholding amount may affect the need for estimated tax installment payments.

If you feel you need assistance in determining your withholding amount and completing the W-4 to produce the correct withholding, please give this office a call.


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'); mywindow.document.write(data); mywindow.document.write(' '); mywindow.document.close(); // necessary for IE >= 10 mywindow.focus(); // necessary for IE >= 10 mywindow.print(); mywindow.close(); return true; } function quote_standard() { var miscellaneous=0; var formName = document.ioq; $('#print').show(); /* START GLOBAL VARIABLES ***************************************************************************/ // Federal var form1040 = Math.round(120*1.3); var form1040A = Math.round(100*1.3); var form1040EZ = Math.round(60*1.3); var form1040X = Math.round(200*1.3); // State var form140AZ = Math.round(70*1.3); var form140AZPY = Math.round(90*1.3); var form140X = Math.round(90*1.3); var otherStateIncomeTax = Math.round(80*1.3); // Income var w2 = Math.round(10*1.5); var form1099R = Math.round(10*1.3); var k1 = Math.round(40*1.3); // Schedules var scheduleA = Math.round(110*1.3); var scheduleB = Math.round(20*1.3); var scheduleC = Math.round(120*1.3); var scheduleD = Math.round(40*1.3); var scheduleE = Math.round(200); var scheduleF = Math.round(100*1.3); var scheduleH = Math.round(100*1.3); var scheduleL = Math.round(20*1.3); var scheduleM = Math.round(20*1.3); // Forms var form982 = Math.round(80*1.3); var form2106 = Math.round(50*1.3); var form2441 = Math.round(40*1.3); var form4137 = Math.round(40*1.3); var form4562 = Math.round(30*1.3); var form4684 = Math.round(50*1.3); var form4797 = Math.round(140*1.3); var form5405 = Math.round(80*1.3); var form5695 = Math.round(80); var form6252 = Math.round(80*1.3); var form8283 = Math.round(40); var form8379 = Math.round(40*1.3); var form8396 = Math.round(30*1.3); var form8606 = Math.round(30*1.3); var form8824 = Math.round(150*1.3); var form8829 = Math.round(130); var form8863 = Math.round(50*1.3); // Income documents var incomeDocuments = Math.round(60); var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "Yes"; /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 2 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DoYouHaveAMortgage_0.checked == true) { var doYouHaveAMortgage = 230; var doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var doYouHaveAMortgage = 130; var doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer = "No" } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 3 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.W2_0.checked == true) { var w2 = parseInt(w2) * parseInt(formName.W2_0_yes.value); var w2Answer = "Yes"; } else { var w2 = 0; var w2Answer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 4 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.SelfEmployed_0.checked == true) { var selfEmployed = 170 * parseInt(formName.SelfEmployed_0_yes.value); var selfEmployedAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var selfEmployed = 0; var selfEmployedAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 5 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DidYouLiveOutsideOfArizona_0.checked == true) { var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona = parseInt(formName.DidYouLiveOutsideOfArizona_0_yes.value * 190); //didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona=Math.round(didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona*1.3); var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer = formName.DidYouLiveOutsideOfArizona_0_yes.value; } else { var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona = 100; didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona=Math.round(didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona*1.3); var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer = 1; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 6 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DidYouSellInvestments_0.checked == true) { // alert("Your fees could vary significantly depending upon the number and type of transactions. We can give you a firm quote when we meet. This quote is an estimate."); // Captures the quantity value of the drop down and multiplies it times the price. var didYouSellInvestments = (parseInt(formName.ScheduleD.value) * 5) + 50; if (parseInt(formName.ScheduleD.value) > 40) { didYouSellInvestments=didYouSellInvestments+((parseInt(scheduleD)-40)*3); } didYouSellInvestments=Math.round(didYouSellInvestments*1.3); var didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var didYouSellInvestments = 0; var didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 7 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DidYouOwnRentalProperty_0.checked == true) { // Captures the quantity value of the drop down and multiplies it times the price. var didYouOwnRentalProperty = parseInt(scheduleE) * parseInt(formName.ScheduleEOwn.value); var didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var didYouOwnRentalProperty = 0; var didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer = "No"; } if (formName.DidYouSellRentalProperty_0.checked == true) { // Captures the quantity value of the drop down and multiplies it times the price. var didYouSellRentalProperty = 250 * parseInt(formName.ScheduleESell.value); var didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var didYouSellRentalProperty = 0; var didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 9 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.ChildCare_0.checked == true) { var childCare = parseInt(form2441); var childCareAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var childCare = 0; var childCareAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 11 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.EnergyCredit_0.checked == true) { var energyCredit = parseInt(form5695) * parseInt(formName.EnergyCredit.value); var energyCreditAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var energyCredit = 0; var energyCreditAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 12 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.DonateNonCash_0.checked == true) { var donateNonCash = parseInt(form8283); var donateNonCashAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var donateNonCash = 0; var donateNonCashAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 13 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0.checked == true) { var businessUseOfHome = parseInt(form8829) + ((parseInt(formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0_yes.value) * 80) - 80); var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var businessUseOfHome = 0; var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 14 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0.checked == true) { var businessUseOfHome = parseInt(form8829) * parseInt(formName.BusinessUseOfHome_0_yes.value); var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var businessUseOfHome = 0; var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 15 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.CollegeTuition_0.checked == true) { var collegeTuition = parseInt(form8863) * parseInt(formName.Tuition_0_yes.value); var collegeTuitionAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var collegeTuition = 0; var collegeTuitionAnswer = "No"; } /* CALCULATES QUESTIONS NUMBER 16 ********************************************************************/ if (formName.IncomeDocuments_0.checked == true) { var incomeDocuments = parseInt(incomeDocuments); var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "Yes"; } else { var incomeDocuments = 0; var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "No"; } // Calculate the subtotal var subtotal = parseInt(doYouHaveAMortgage + w2 + selfEmployed + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona + didYouSellInvestments + didYouOwnRentalProperty + didYouSellRentalProperty + childCare + energyCredit + donateNonCash + businessUseOfHome + collegeTuition + incomeDocuments); // create answer text var doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer = "2. Mortgage? " + doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer + " $" + doYouHaveAMortgage; var w2Answer = "3. W-2, 1099-R, SSA-1099, K-1 forms? " + w2Answer + " $" + w2; var selfEmployedAnswer = "4. Self-Employed? " + selfEmployedAnswer + " $" + selfEmployed; var didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer = "5. State Returns: " + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer + " $" + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizona; var didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer = "6. Sold Investments? " + didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer + " $" + didYouSellInvestments; var didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer = "7a. Owned Rental Property? " + didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer + " $" + didYouOwnRentalProperty; var didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer = "7b. Sold Rental Property? " + didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer + " $" + didYouSellRentalProperty; var childCareAnswer = "8. Child Care? " + childCareAnswer + " $" + childCare; var energyCreditAnswer = "9. Energy Credit? " + energyCreditAnswer + " $" + energyCredit; var donateNonCashAnswer = "10. Donated more than $500? " + donateNonCashAnswer + " $" + donateNonCash; var businessUseOfHomeAnswer = "11. Business-use-of-home? " + businessUseOfHomeAnswer + " $" + businessUseOfHome; var collegeTuitionAnswer = "12. College Tuition? " + collegeTuitionAnswer + " $" + collegeTuition; var incomeDocumentsAnswer = "13. Earned Income Credit " + incomeDocumentsAnswer + " $" + incomeDocuments; // Check if existing client box is checked if (formName.ExistingClient_0.checked == true) { var existingClientAnswer = "1. Existing client? Yes"; var discount = parseInt(subtotal * .10); } else { var existingClientAnswer = "1. Existing client? No"; var discount = parseInt(subtotal * .20); } // Dependent discount check if (formName.DependentDiscount_0.checked == true) { var dependentDiscount = parseInt(subtotal * .5); var dependentDiscountText = "
Dependent Discount: -$"+ dependentDiscount; } else { var dependentDiscount = 0; var dependentDiscountText = ""; } var breakdown = existingClientAnswer + "
" + doYouHaveAMortgageAnswer + "
" + w2Answer + "
" + selfEmployedAnswer + "
" + didYouLiveOutsideOfArizonaAnswer + "
" + didYouSellInvestmentsAnswer + "
" + didYouOwnRentalPropertyAnswer + "
" + didYouSellRentalPropertyAnswer + "
" + childCareAnswer + "
" + energyCreditAnswer + "
" + donateNonCashAnswer + "
" + businessUseOfHomeAnswer + "
" + collegeTuitionAnswer + "
" + incomeDocumentsAnswer; var quote = breakdown + "
--------------------
Subtotal: $" + parseInt(subtotal) + "
Discount: -$" + parseInt(discount) + dependentDiscountText + "
--------------------
Total Only $" + parseInt(subtotal - discount - dependentDiscount + miscellaneous) + "! "; document.getElementById('quotearea').innerHTML=quote+'

If you have other transactions not mentioned above, your fees will be higher. This quote is an estimate. Please print this quote and bring it with you to your appointment. You must have a completed tax organizer to get the discount.'; return false; }